This now brings me to the nasty part of the iceberg within the football industry. Remember the articles and posts that I made a year or so back maybe that raised the specter of systemic risk within the industry because of the way in which transfers were being "financed".
Let me refresh.
Normally, in the real world, a buyer pays the seller at the time of sale. If the buyer only has part of the money needed then the buyer finances the balance. For large amounts, a mortgage is issued backed by some collateral by a bank or something like a bank. The seller gets the full amount; he is whole and carries no future risk. The buyer posts some collateral and carries the burden of debt service or risks losing the collateral. The bank carries the risk of default and may be able to hedge some of this through mortgage insurance paid for by the buyer, etc.
Football is not the real world.
In football, there is no collateral in the "asset" being purchased, viz the right to register the player in competition. The buyer has limited cash flow and it is punctuated by discrete revenue events (e.g. media payments towards season's end). So, what to do! Factoring receivable is the "innovation" that permits player transfers to flow. The seller agrees to issue an accounts receivable to the buyer. The buyer agrees to pay the receivable in a series of lump sums over the life of the player's contact with the buyer. The buyer has a great pay for use situation. But, the seller is short cash ... a lot of cash ... since there is typically no up front amount. To resolve this the seller goes to the bank and uses the receivable as collateral to obtain cash; usually the amount of the transfer fee less the factor rate (fees + interest) required by the bank. The bank takes payment directly from the buyer. In the EPL, the EPL issues guarantees to the bank based on the sellers media payments. The bank earns good money at a relatively risk free rate of return. The EPL is going to get payment from the media companies, so it carries limited risk. The seller can catch a cold if everything goes tits up; the bank will turn to the seller to be made whole. The seller carries the risk .... not acceptable in the real world.
As players move around, peter owes paul, who owes fred, who owes john, and so on, and you can quickly create a network of risk that becomes systemic or acquires systemic properties.
As far as I know, there has never been a buying club defaulting on payments. The EPL has never been required to assert its rules and make good to the bank. And as cash has continued to flow, everybody has become fat, dumb and happy with this situation .... like a game of musical chairs where the music never ever stops. But now it has, or could rather abruptly, and it's not looking like a skip of the needle on the record, but the power plug has been yanked out of the wall ... it has stopped and may not resume as expected as usual ... especially in the lower leagues. If the network of risk collapses, the house of cards will fall. Competitions may fail, not just clubs. Media companies may not make final payments, or may discount final payments since they've lost revenue generating content and their revenues have been compromised. It's a pile up of loss and cash flow restrictions or collapse of cash flow at various points in the value.
A player acquired in January on a 3.5 or 2.5 season contract, has only played 2 months, and may not play 2020-21, and worst case scenario 2021-22. The buyer is trying like crazy to reduce never mind defer compensation due the player. The player through his agent and union is trying like crazy to say "fuck you" as politely as possible. The media companies are feeling the pinch as advertisers stop advertising; they now have dead air time that they can only fill with re-runs .... who watches re-runs of football ... how much of a discount in revenue does that produce. The buyer is likely to be short paid by the competition for media money. This is going to hurt their cash flow with respect to the bank. This is not a discrete problem with one club that can potentially propagate through the network, but is a pervasive problem across the network infecting and impacting all nodes in the network. This is like a reactor melt down. Think Chernobyl.
How does this get resolved. Is anybody actually thinking this through.